Karen's+Annotated+Bibliography


 * Bohn, Willard. //Reading Visual Poetry.// Lanham, MD: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 2011. Print. **

This book offers a brief definition of visual poetry, what the genre encompasses, and how it has evolved over time. Bohn also addresses some of the main questions readers ask when reading concrete poetry. The book attempts to recreate historical and cultural context by examining authors and their work from Spain, Latin America, France, Italy, Brazil, and the United States.

Example poem used in user’s guide.
 * Carlson, Don J. "Bird #3." //PoetryTodayOnline.com//. 1998. Web. 18 Feb. 2012. []. **

 Example poem used in user’s guide.
 * Carroll, Lewis. "The Mouse's Tale." //Alice's Adventure in Wonderland.// Macmillian, 1865. Print. **


 * Grandits, John. //Blue __Lipstick__: Concrete Poems//. New York: Clarion, 2007. Print. **

Told through the voice of fifteen year old Jessie, this children’s book dictates her struggle through adolescence. Grandits’ concrete poems address common teen issues while still preserving Jessie’s “voice” of independence and unique identity. The author’s poems connect with other academic subjects such as music, art, and math and often overlap with the genre of short story. Many of the poems are not read in the right to left fashion and involve turning the paper at different angles.


 * Grandits, John. //Technically, It's Not My Fault: Concrete Poems//. New York: Clarion, 2004. Print. **

A children’s book written through the voice of Robert, an 11 year old middle school __student__, Grandits uses concrete poems to depict themes and struggles of that age. Words create visual pictures of the subject. The author uses a wide range of visual devices to direct the reader’s focus including: color, font, comic book layouts, and action sequences. His poems are easy to understand and have a conversational tone.


 * Grunert, Jeanne. "How to Write a Concrete Poem." //__Freelance Writing__ Opportunities and Tips//. Web. 04 Feb. 2012. **
 * []. **

This website __offers__ tips for those wishing to write concrete poetry. The process suggested focuses more on having a rigid shape or __form__ with poetry closer to __free__ verse. The subject should be interconnected with the poem’s __form__. This website also provides reference links of examples and names of poets who __work__ in the genre.

Example used in user’s guide.
 * Hollander, John. "Swan and Shadow." //The History of Text-based Art//. 31 Oct. 2010. Web. 18 Feb. 2012. []. **

Example used in user’s guide.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Honour, Suzanne. "Triangle." //Concrete Poetry//. 2003. Web. 18 Feb. 2012. []. **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">"How to Write a Concrete Poem?" //Writeawriting.com//. Web. 1 Feb. 2012. **[|**http://www.writeawriting.com/poetry/how-to-write-concrete-poem**]**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">This website offers a basic definition of concrete poetry. It provides __step__ by step instructions about how to __begin__ writing a concrete poem. It also offers advice and tips to make writing easier and more comfortable for beginning poets.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">"How to Write Shape Poems?" //A Look at Traditional Poetry and Shape Poems//. Web. 18 Feb. 2012. []. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Example used in user’s guide.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Example poem used in user’s guide.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Phillips, Jennifer Kathleen. "Circle of a Life." //Poetry by J. K. Phillips//. Citiwings.com, 2008. Web. 18 Feb. 2012. []. **


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Phillips, Michael Joseph. //The Concrete Book: Poems//. Milwaukee: Terrestrial, 1971. Print. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">A sample book of concrete poetry, Phillips focuses more on concepts than wording or visual arrangement. His poems often contain symbols, punctuation marks, and numbers which are elements not usually associated with poetry. He often uses repeated words or phrases and different capitalization to emphasize his message.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Smith, Court. "Concrete Poems." //ONID//. Oregon State University. Web. 04 Feb. 2012. [|http://people.oregonstate.edu/~smithc/vita/concrpoe.html]. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">This website offers several examples of concrete poems. Most of the poems are arranged to reflect the shape of their subject matter. If taken out of this context, the meaning and interpretation will have changed. An example poem is used in the user's guide.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Solt, Mary Ellen. //Concrete Poetry: A World View//. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1970. Print. **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">This book examines the early history of concrete poetry. It focuses on a definition of concrete poetry and offers a history of concrete poems around the world with examples by many pioneer poets of the genre.